Then a shiver passed down the crowd as the Dalai Lama arrived at Nehru Park and placed into freshly dug-up holes saplings of the Bodhi Tree - a cutting of the same pipal under which the Buddha had found enlightenment 2600 years ago and which was slashed and burned by King Sasanka of Bengal, an anti-Buddhist iconoclast, in the 6th century AD.

On November 30, as the first Global Buddhist Congregation in Delhi decided to form a new global Buddhist body based in India, delegates from 46 countries - from the Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions - were handed over the Bodhi Tree saplings to be planted in their countries. Many leaders received the plants from the Dalai Lama, who also gave the valedictory speech at the congregation.

The message was not missed on anyone : Buddhism is set to get more organized globally; India is to become the new centre of this unity; and the Dalai Lama is recognized as an unofficial leader of all Buddhists. "All Buddhist countries feel that in India, the land of Buddha, nothing is being done to promote Buddhism. Now, all the Buddhist organizations will be under the International Buddhist Confederation to be based here," says Lama Lobsang, the head of Asoka Mission, which organized the Delhi congregation.

The idea seems to have been accepted. "The whole world looks to India because of Buddhism. If someone from India takes initiative, India can take leadership of the Buddhist world," says Banagala Uptatissa , chief of Mahabodhi Society of Sri Lanka . Well, not exactly the whole world. On November 26, one day before the Congregation began, China kicked up a diplomatic storm by putting off border talks with India after New Delhi refused to give in to its demand of not allowing the Buddhist meet.

Earlier, 35 Chinese monks invited for the meet didn't turn up, making it clear that Beijing was not happy with the congregation. "This conference had a very clear agenda to remind the scattered Buddhist communities that India is the home of Buddhism," says Gabriel Lefitte, Australian academic and environmental activist who attended the meeting. "China has been quite vigorous in making sure that anybody with a Buddhist background feels connection with China but India has been a bit slow by comparison to restore the 'Buddhist parivar' ."

It's not that the officially atheist China has suddenly fallen in love with Buddhism . China is worried about the growing stature of the Dalai Lama as a global Buddhist leader; it's also trying to build credibility among the Buddhists so that Beijing can pick the next incarnation of the Dalai Lama without any problem. "The current Chinese leadership is haunted by the Tibetan issue as there have been many cases of self-immolation by the Tibetan monks in mainland China. There is a feeling of urgency regarding the decision of the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama," says Binod Singh, who teaches at the India Study Centre of Peking University.

China faces an additional problem. It may have dazzled the world with its growth rate, but China has not been able to check social unrest and growth of religion at home. It's believed that there are now some 100 million Buddhists in China, many of them followers of Tibetan Buddhism. "Of late, the Chinese leaders have been talking about a 'harmonious society' and they have eased restrictions on all religions.

The Communist Party takes part in the selection of reincarnation of Tibetan lamas. They want to control Buddhism to keep control on their people," says an Indian diplomat who served in Beijing till recently. "The friction with India is over the leadership of Buddhist countries and trade interest in east Asia, which China considers its area of influence."

Video: Dalai Lama's address at the World Buddhist Congregation 2011